Penicillin niyo antibiyotike yambere kwisi yakoreshejwe mubuvuzi.Nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, havutse antibiyotike nyinshi, ariko ikibazo cyo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge cyatewe no gukoresha antibiyotike ikabije cyagaragaye buhoro buhoro.
Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa peptide ifatwa nkibifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa kubera ibikorwa byayo byinshi bya antibacterial, antibacterial spécran, ubwoko butandukanye, uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo, hamwe n’imihindagurikire mito mito mu ntego.Kugeza ubu, peptide nyinshi zirwanya mikorobe ziri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro, muri zo harimo magainine (Xenopus laevis antimicrobial peptide) yinjiye mu igeragezwa ry’amavuriro.
Uburyo bukoreshwa neza
Peptide yica mikorobe (amps) ni polypeptide yibanze ifite uburemere bwa 20000 kandi ifite ibikorwa bya antibacterial.Hagati ya ~ 7000 kandi igizwe n'ibisigisigi bya aside amine 20 kugeza kuri 60.Byinshi muribi peptide ikora bifite ibiranga imbaraga zikomeye, ubushyuhe butajegajega, hamwe na antibacterial yagutse.
Ukurikije imiterere yabyo, peptide yica mikorobe irashobora kugabanywa mubice bine: guhindagurika, urupapuro, kwaguka, nimpeta.Peptide zimwe na zimwe zirwanya mikorobe zigizwe rwose na helix imwe cyangwa urupapuro rumwe, mugihe izindi zifite imiterere igoye.
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya peptide ya mikorobe ni uko bifite ibikorwa bitaziguye birwanya selile.Muri make, peptide yica mikorobe ihungabanya ubushobozi bwa bagiteri, ihindura imiterere ya membrane, metabolite ikameneka, amaherezo bikaviramo urupfu rwa bagiteri.Imiterere ya peptide yica mikorobe ifasha kongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukorana na selile ya bagiteri.Peptide nyinshi zirwanya mikorobe zifite net nziza kandi zitwa peptide cationic antimicrobial peptide.Imikoreshereze ya electrostatike hagati ya peptide ya anticicrobial cationic na bacteri ya anionic bacteri ituma ihuza peptide ya mikorobe na mikorobe.
Ubushobozi bwo kuvura
Ubushobozi bwa peptide ya mikorobe ikora binyuze muburyo bwinshi hamwe ninzira zitandukanye ntabwo byongera ibikorwa bya mikorobe gusa ahubwo binagabanya ubushake bwo guhangana.Gukora binyuze mumiyoboro myinshi, amahirwe ya bagiteri ashobora kubona ihinduka ryinshi icyarimwe arashobora kugabanuka cyane, bigatuma peptide ya mikorobe ishobora guhangana neza.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko peptide nyinshi zirwanya mikorobe zikora ku mbuga za bagiteri, bagiteri zigomba guhindura imiterere yimiterere ya selile kugirango ihindurwe, kandi bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango ihinduka ryinshi ribe.Biramenyerewe cyane muri chimiotherapie ya kanseri kugabanya kurwanya ibibyimba no kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ukoresheje uburyo bwinshi nuburyo butandukanye.
Ibyiringiro byubuvuzi nibyiza
Tegura imiti mishya igabanya ubukana kugirango wirinde ikibazo gikurikira.Umubare munini wa peptide ya antibicrobial urimo gukorerwa ibizamini byamavuriro kandi byerekana ubushobozi bwamavuriro.Haracyari byinshi bigikenewe gukorwa kuri peptide yica mikorobe nkibintu bishya byica mikorobe.Peptide nyinshi zirwanya mikorobe mugeragezwa zamavuriro ntishobora kuzanwa kumasoko kubera igishushanyo mbonera cyangwa kutagira agaciro.Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku mikoranire y’imiti igabanya ubukana bwa peptide n’ibidukikije bigoye by’abantu bizagira akamaro mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’imiti.
Mubyukuri, ibice byinshi mubigeragezo byamavuriro byahinduye imiti kugirango bitezimbere imiti.Muribwo buryo, gukoresha neza amasomero yububiko bwa digitale no guteza imbere software yerekana icyitegererezo bizarushaho kunoza ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibiyobyabwenge.
Nubwo gushushanya no guteza imbere peptide yica mikorobe ari umurimo ufite akamaro, tugomba kwihatira kugabanya imiti igabanya ubukana bushya.Gukomeza guteza imbere imiti itandukanye ya mikorobe hamwe nuburyo bwa mikorobe bizafasha kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa na antibiyotike.Byongeye kandi, iyo imiti mishya ya antibacterial ishyizwe kumasoko, hakenewe gukurikirana no gucunga neza birambuye kugirango hagabanuke imikoreshereze idakenewe ya antibacterial agent bishoboka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2023