Ubushakashatsi bwinshi nubuhanga bwo gukora peptide ikora

Uburyo bwo gukuramo

Mu myaka ya za 1950 na 1960, ibihugu byinshi ku isi, harimo n'Ubushinwa, byakuye peptide mu ngingo z’inyamaswa.Kurugero, inshinge ya thymosine itegurwa no kubaga inyana yavutse, ikuraho thymus, hanyuma ugakoresha ibinyabuzima bitandukanya biotehnologiya kugirango utandukane peptide ninyana ya thymus.Iyi thymosine ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya no kuzamura imikorere yumubiri wa selile mubantu.

Peptide karemano ikwirakwizwa cyane.Hariho peptide nyinshi ya bioaktike mu nyamaswa, ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja muri kamere, bigira uruhare mu mikorere itandukanye kandi bigakomeza ibikorwa bisanzwe byubuzima.Izi peptide karemano zirimo metabolite ya kabiri yibinyabuzima nka antibiotique na hormone, hamwe na peptide ya bioaktique igaragara muri sisitemu zitandukanye.

Kugeza ubu, peptide nyinshi ya bioactive yitaruye ibinyabuzima byabantu, inyamaswa, ibimera, mikorobe na marine.Nyamara, peptide ya bioaktike iboneka mubisanzwe mubinyabuzima, kandi tekiniki zigezweho zo gutandukanya no kweza peptide ya bioaktike y’ibinyabuzima karemano ntabwo ari nziza, hamwe nigiciro kinini na bioactivite.

Uburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukuramo peptide no gutandukana harimo gushiramo umunyu, ultrafiltration, filtration ya gel, imvura ya isoelectric point, imvura ya chromatografiya, chromatografiya, adsorption chromatografiya, gel electrophorei, nibindi.

Uburyo bwa acide

Acide na alkali hydrolysis ikoreshwa cyane mubigo byubushakashatsi, ariko ntibikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora.Mubikorwa bya hydrolysis ya alkaline ya proteine, aside amine nyinshi nka serine na threonine zirasenywa, ivanguramoko ribaho, kandi intungamubiri nyinshi ziratakara.Kubwibyo, ubu buryo ntibukoreshwa gake mubikorwa.Acide hydrolysis ya proteyine ntabwo itera ivanguramoko rya aside amine, hydrolysis irihuta kandi reaction iruzuye.Nyamara, ibibi byayo ni ikoranabuhanga rigoye, kugenzura bigoye no kwangiza ibidukikije.Ikwirakwizwa ryibiro bya peptide ntirisanzwe kandi ntigihungabana, kandi imikorere ya physiologique iragoye kubimenya.

Hydrolysis ya Enzymatique

Peptide nyinshi yibinyabuzima iboneka mumurongo muremure wa poroteyine muburyo budakora.Iyo hydrolyzed na protease yihariye, peptide ikora irekurwa kuva amine ikurikirana ya proteine.Gukuramo Enzymatique ya peptide ya bioaktique ikomoka ku nyamaswa, ibimera n’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja byibanze ku bushakashatsi mu myaka ya vuba aha.

Enzymatique hydrolysis ya bioactive peptide nuguhitamo protease ikwiye, ukoresheje poroteyine nka substrate na hydrolyzing proteine ​​kugirango ubone umubare munini wa peptide ya bioaktike hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye bya physiologique.Mubikorwa byo kubyara, ubushyuhe, agaciro ka PH, kwibanda kwa enzyme, kwibanda kuri substrate nibindi bintu bifitanye isano rya bugufi ningaruka ya hydrolysis ya enzymatique ya peptide nto, kandi urufunguzo ni uguhitamo enzyme.Bitewe na enzymes zitandukanye zikoreshwa muri hydrolysis ya enzymatique, guhitamo no gukora enzymes, hamwe na proteine ​​zitandukanye, peptide yavuyemo iratandukanye cyane mubwinshi, gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekile, hamwe na aside amine.Umuntu mubisanzwe ahitamo protease zinyamanswa, nka pepsin na trypsin, hamwe na protease yibimera, nka bromelain na papain.Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga hamwe no guhanga udushya twubuhanga bwa enzyme ya biologiya, imisemburo myinshi ninshi izavumburwa kandi ikoreshwe.Enzymatique hydrolysis yakoreshejwe cyane mugutegura peptide ya bioactive kubera tekinoroji ikuze nishoramari rito.